Anatomical And Embryological Study Of Renal Hilum

Introduction: As per standard text, the anteroposterior topographical arrangement of renal hilar structures are:vein-artery-renal pelvis. However, hilar variations are very common. Aim: The present study intends to increaseawareness of possible variations in the hilar anatomy as they are of immense importance in invasive renalinterventions.Materials and methods: A careful dissection of 51 embalmed cadaveric kidneys was carried out for the propervisualization of renal hilar structures and their relations were clearly defined.Observations and Results: Enormous renal hilar variation was observed. We classified these renal variations in8 different patterns. Normal hilar arrangement was seen in 25.5% kidneys and in 74.5% cases this arrangementis disturbed. 43.1% kidneys demonstrated presence of retropelvic structures. Anterior and posterior tributariesof renal vein were displayed in 9.8% of casesConclusion: Knowledge of the pattern of renal hilar structures is of great importance in the interventionalradiological & laparoscopic renal surgeries thereby reducing the risk of vascular complications.

An Anatomical Study of Glenoid Cavity: Its Importance in Shoulder Prosthesis.

Introduction: Glenoid cavity of scapula has variable morphology and therefore its anatomy is of enormous importance for orthopaedic surgeon and prosthetic designers. Presence of notch in the antero-superior part of glenoid rim affects the morphology of glenoid labrum. Anatomical variations of glenoid cavity are also important for understanding the various pathologies involving the shoulder joint. Present study aims to determine various anthropometric measurements of scapula and glenoid cavity including the variations of its shape. Materials and Methods: A total of 126 adult dry scapulae available in the Dept. of Anatomy, ACMS Delhi Cantt., India, and also procured from medical colleges in the vicinity were taken for the study. Results: The mean length and breadth of scapula observed were 141.94±12.76 mm 103.65±6.82mm respectively. The mean length of the glenoid observed in the present study was 38.78±3.03 mm. The mean AP glenoid diameter 1 and 2 were 24.93±2.55mm and18.66±2.13 mm respectively. The mean Glenoid cavity Index (GCI) found in the present study was 64.29 ± 9.79 mm. Conclusion: The dimensions of the glenoid observed in the present study were similar to those recorded in the studies done on other populations except for the shape. Higher percentage of glenoid cavities without a definitive notch was recorded in the present study compared to earlier studies. This fact may be taken into consideration while designing glenoid prostheses for the North Indian population.

Accessory Spleen and Its Clinical Significance.

Spleen can have a wide range of anomalies in its shape, location, number and size. They can be congenital and acquired. Accessory spleen is a common congenital anomaly which is usually asymptomatic but might present clinically as an abdominal mass related to complications such as torsion, spontaneous rupture, haemorrhage and cyst formation Knowledge of splenic variations and anomalies is important to avoid diagnostic pitfalls and misinterpretations.

An anatomic variant caudate lobe in a cadaver.

The liver can present a number of congenital anomalies. Most common among them are the irregularities in shape and the number of lobules. Less common variations include presence of accessory lobes or accessory fissures. The accessory lobe may be attached to the liver through a mesentery or a bridge of hepatic tissue and they are usually asymptomatic. An accessory liver lobe though a very rare occurrence but when it exists it becomes clinically important because of its rarity. We are reporting one such case of accessory caudate lobe of liver found during routine dissection of embalmed cadaver of a 60 year old male. It was separated from the caudate lobe by a well-defined fissure. The quadrate lobe and fissure for ligamentum teres were totally absent. Ligamentum teres was found embedded in the substance of the liver on its inferior surface. The presence of additional lobes and fissures or the absence of normal lobes and fissures might lead to confusion during surgery or clinical misdiagnosis. Knowledge and awareness of these anomalies is useful to the clinician to rule out diseases, surgeons during segmental resection of liver and radiologist when interpreting liver radiologic findings.

High division of sciatic nerve.

Background: The Sciatic nerve is the largest and thickest nerve in the human body with a long course in the inferior extremity. It divides into tibial and common peroneal nerves which can occur at any level from the sacral plexus to the inferior part of the popliteal space. Sciatic nerve variations are relatively common. These variations may contribute to clinical conditions ex sciatica, coccygodynia and piriformis syndrome and have important clinical implications in anaesthesiology, neurology, sports medicine and surgery. Methods: 10 cadavers were dissected with no previous history of trauma/surgery to study the anatomical variations of sciatic nerve. Results: In all except two cadavers, the nerve divided at the apex of the popliteal fossa. In two cadavers the sciatic nerve divided bilaterally in the upper part of thigh. Conclusion: The high division presented in this study can make popliteal nerve blocks partially ineffective. The high division of sciatic nerve must always be borne in mind as they have important clinical implications.

Anthropometric Study of the Nose of 600 North Indian Adults (A study done for forensic identification).

Background: This study was conducted on 600 Adults (300 males and 300 females) of North Indian origin in age group of 18 to 40 years. Method: Prior informed written consent was obtained from the subjects. Exclusion and inclusion criteria for the subjects were predefined. The aim of this study was to document the mean morphometric standards for nose and face of North Indian population which could be of importance in clinical practice and forensicidentification. Nasal height, length, breadth, depth, facial length and breadth were measured using a sliding and spreading caliper.Result: Sexual dimorphism was observed in most parameters of nasal region with all linear measurements being more in Males. Males also had a higher nasal index. Mesorrhine type of nose was found in both sexes. Females had mesoprosopic face whereas males had leptoprosopic face.